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'Google and the Challenge of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions Due to Artificial Intelligence (AI)'
Increase in Google GHG Emissions Due to AI
"In its efforts to integrate artificial intelligence (AI) into its core products, Google faces significant challenges related to increasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. AI systems require a lot of computers to function, and the data centers that run them — which are essentially warehouses full of powerful computing equipment — consume a lot of energy to process data and manage the heat generated by those computers."
Google Environmental Report 2023: Surge in GHG Emissions
According to Google's annual environmental report, the company's greenhouse gas emissions have surged by 48% since 2019. Google blames this growth primarily on "increased data center energy consumption and supply chain emissions."
Google's Ambitious Goal for Net Zero Emissions by 2030
"Now, Google describes its goal of achieving net zero emissions by 2030 as 'very ambitious' and states that this promise is likely to be affected by 'uncertainties surrounding the future environmental impacts of AI, which are complex and difficult to predict.' The company's sustainability push is made more complicated by AI."
Google's Investment in AI and Its Impact on Emissions
Google, like other technology competitors, has made massive investments in AI, which is seen as the next major technological revolution ready to change the way we live, work, and consume information. The company has integrated the generative AI technology Gemini into several of its core products, including Search and Google Assistant, and CEO Sundar Pichai has referred to Google as an "AI-first" company.
However, AI comes with a major drawback: power-hungry data centers that Google and other big tech competitors currently spend tens of billions of dollars each quarter to expand in order to support their AI ambitions.
AI Energy Consumption vs Traditional Computing
Describing how much more demanding AI models are compared to traditional computing systems, the International Energy Agency estimates that a Google search request requires an average of 0.3 watt-hours of electricity, while a ChatGPT request typically consumes around 2.9 watt-hours. An October study by Dutch researcher Alex de Vries estimates that the "worst-case scenario" suggests that Google's AI system could consume as much electricity as the country of Ireland each year, assuming full adoption of AI in current hardware and software.
Sustainability Challenges in the Use of AI by Google
Google acknowledges that further integrating AI into their products will challenge emission reductions due to the increased energy demand from greater AI computational intensity. Data center electricity consumption is currently growing faster than carbon-free power sources can be generated.
Google's Efforts to Address Emission Challenges
Google expects its total greenhouse gas emissions to continue to rise before declining, as the company seeks investments in clean energy sources, such as wind and geothermal energy, to power its data centers.
The Use of AI to Combat Climate Change
"Google is also experimenting with ways to use AI to combat climate change. A Google DeepMind project in 2019, for example, trained an AI model on weather forecasts and historical wind turbine data to predict wind power availability, helping to enhance the value of renewable energy sources for wind farmers. The company has also used AI to suggest more fuel-efficient routes to drivers using Google Maps."
"We know that scaling AI and using it to accelerate climate action is just as important as addressing the environmental impacts associated with it," said Google in its report.
Source : Peterson Indonesia
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