Karbon 2025: Tantangan dan Peluang dalam Isu Karbon Global - OSCARLIVING

May 19,2025

Carbon 2025: Challenges and Opportunities in Global Carbon Issues

Carbon Issues in 2025

Entering the year 2025, carbon issues are increasingly becoming a main focus in the global agenda. The increasingly evident climate change, pressure from the international community, and the commitments of various countries to achieve net-zero emissions make carbon issues no longer ignorable. This article will discuss the latest developments related to carbon issues, the challenges faced, and the opportunities that can be leveraged to create a more sustainable future. In addition, this article will also highlight Indonesia's role, including the launch of international carbon trading through the Indonesia Carbon Exchange (IDXCarbon), which has become a significant step in the effort to reduce carbon emissions.

Latest Developments in Global Carbon Policy

In 2025, many countries are expected to have implemented stricter carbon policies. Some recent developments worth noting include:

Implementation of the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) by the European Union: Starting in 2026, the EU will impose a carbon tax on imports of goods with a high carbon footprint. This encourages exporting countries, including Indonesia, to accelerate the transition to clean energy.
Net-Zero Commitment: More than 130 countries have committed to achieving net-zero emissions by mid-century. The year 2025 is a significant milestone for evaluating their progress.
Role of the Climate Summit COP30: The global climate conference in 2025 is expected to be a crucial moment to evaluate countries' commitments to reducing carbon emissions.

Challenges in Carbon Emission Reduction

Despite significant progress, several challenges still hinder efforts to reduce carbon emissions:

Uneven Energy TransitionDeveloping countries still rely on fossil energy due to limitations in technology and funding.
Deforestation and Land Degradation: Although there are reforestation efforts, the rate of deforestation in several areas is still high, especially for the opening of agricultural and plantation land.
Dependence on Carbon-Based Industry: Sectors such as transportation, manufacturing, and mining still contribute the largest carbon emissions.

Opportunities and Innovations in Carbon Management

Amid challenges, there are several opportunities and innovations that can be leveraged:

Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) Technology: This technology is rapidly developing and is expected to be a solution for reducing emissions from heavy industry.
Carbon Market and Carbon Trading: The carbon trading mechanism is becoming more mature, providing incentives for companies to reduce emissions.
Renewable energy: The costs of solar and wind energy continue to decline, making them more affordable and competitive compared to fossil energy.
Green Finance: Investment in environmentally friendly projects is increasing, supported by financial instruments such as green bonds and sustainability-linked loans.

Indonesia's Role in Carbon Issues

"As one of the countries with the largest tropical forests in the world, Indonesia plays a crucial role in carbon emission reduction. Some of the steps that have been and will be taken include:"

Application of Carbon Economic Value (CEV): This policy is being implemented to encourage emission reductions through market mechanisms.
Peat Restoration and Reforestation: Programs like BRGM (Peat and Mangrove Restoration Agency) continue to be promoted to restore ecosystems that act as carbon sinks.
Transition to Clean Energy: The government targets 23% of the renewable energy mix by 2025, although infrastructure and funding challenges remain obstacles.

IDX Carbon: Contributions and Developments in 2025

In 2025, Indonesia has taken significant steps in its efforts to reduce carbon emissions through the launch of international carbon trading. On January 20, 2025, Indonesia officially began international carbon trading through the Indonesia Carbon Exchange (IDXCarbon) platform. This step aims to support the achievement of the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) targets as well as the implementation of Articles 6.2 and 6.4 of the Paris Agreement.

a. Increased Trading Volume

As of January 17, 2025, the total trading volume of carbon units on IDXCarbon reached 1,131,000 tons of CO₂ equivalent (tCO₂e), with a transaction value of Rp56.86 billion. This increase indicates market enthusiasm for carbon trading mechanisms.

b. Registered Carbon Projects

At the beginning of 2025, IDXCarbon recorded the addition of three Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Certificate (SPE-GRK) projects, including the Priok Block 4 CCGT project with verified emission reductions of 763,653 tCO₂e (vintage year 2021), the Grati Block 2 CCGT project with verified emission reductions of 407,390 tCO₂e (vintage year 2021), and the power plant conversion project at PLN NP UP Muara Tawar with verified emission reductions of 30,000 tCO₂e (vintage year 2023).

c. Challenges Faced

"Although it has made some progress, IDX Carbon still faces challenges such as the harmonization of tax regulations, which are considered not optimal in promoting the carbon trading sector. Member of Commission XII of the Indonesian House of Representatives, Ratna Juwita Sari, emphasized the importance of legal certainty and improvements in tax regulations to support the growth of this sector. In addition, the acceleration of the ratification of the draft law related to new and renewable energy is expected to provide a stronger legal foundation for the renewable energy and carbon trading sectors."

d. Carbon Tax Implementation

The implementation of carbon tax is also a concern for the government as an effort to reduce carbon emissions and encourage the use of new renewable energy (NRE). The carbon tax is imposed on taxpayers who purchase goods containing carbon or engage in activities that produce carbon emissions. The carbon tax rate is set at a minimum of Rp30 per kilogram of CO₂ equivalent (CO₂e). In 2025 and beyond, the government plans to fully implement the carbon tax and expand the carbon tax sector.

e. Challenges in the Mining Sector

Carbon emissions remain a major challenge in the mining sector. The Indonesian Mining Services Association (Aspindo) stated that the mining industry needs to continue efforts to reduce carbon emissions to achieve environmental sustainability targets.

Conclusion

By 2025, carbon issues will continue to be a major focus in global efforts to address climate change. Significant challenges remain, but opportunities for innovation and collaboration are also wide open. Indonesia, as part of the global community, needs to strengthen its commitments and actions to contribute to carbon emission reductions. The existence of IDX Carbon and the implementation of carbon taxes are concrete evidence that market mechanisms and fiscal policies can be effective tools to drive the transition to a low-carbon economy. With concrete steps and collaboration among stakeholders, a greener and more sustainable future is not an impossible goal to achieve.

Source : Peterson Indonesia

#Indonesiaemas #lebaran2025 #oscarliving #belanjafurniturejadimudah #OLIV #PToscarmitrasuksessejahteratbk #Indonesia #ekonomiindonesia #sustainability #ekonomiindonesia #dayabelilemah #2025 #Karbon #IDXCarbon #IDX #OJK #bursakarbonindonesia #energiterbarukan #ekonomihijau #perdagangankarbon